How does a pulse oximeter function in assessing a patient's health?

• A. Measures blood pressure
• B. Measures blood oxygen saturation
• C. Measures heart rate
• D. Measures respiratory rate

Answer: (B)

A pulse oximeter functions specifically to measure blood oxygen saturation, which is indicated by the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen. Utilizing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that transmit red and infrared light through a thin part of the body, such as a fingertip or earlobe, the device detects changes in light absorption between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. This technology enables the pulse oximeter to provide an accurate assessment of how well oxygen is being transported in the bloodstream, which is crucial for evaluating respiratory function and overall oxygenation in the body.

By continuously monitoring blood oxygen levels, it helps healthcare providers make informed decisions regarding patient care, particularly in situations such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and other respiratory conditions where maintaining adequate oxygen levels is vital. The ability to quickly ascertain a patient's oxygen saturation can be crucial in emergency settings and during procedures requiring sedation, where respiratory function may be compromised.