How does exercise affect resting heart rate over time?

• A. Regular exercise increases resting heart rate
• B. Regular exercise tends to lower resting heart rate due to improved cardiovascular efficiency
• C. Exercise has no effect on resting heart rate
• D. Only high-intensity exercise impacts resting heart rate

Answer: (B)

Regular exercise tends to lower resting heart rate due to improved cardiovascular efficiency. As individuals engage in consistent physical activity, their heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood. Over time, with regular aerobic exercise, the heart muscle strengthens, allowing it to pump a larger volume of blood with each beat. This increased stroke volume means that the heart does not have to beat as frequently to maintain adequate blood supply during rest.

Moreover, regular exercise enhances the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes relaxation and recovery, further contributing to a lower resting heart rate. As a result, those who are physically fit may have resting heart rates significantly lower than those who are sedentary. This adaptation is a positive indicator of cardiovascular health and reflects improved overall fitness levels.