What is a potential severe complication of Pertussis if untreated?

• A. Heart failure
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Stroke
• D. Kidney damage

Answer: (B)

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. If left untreated, one of the most severe complications that can arise is pneumonia. This occurs because the infection can lead to significant inflammation and blockage of the airways, which in turn can cause secondary bacterial infections in the lungs.

In individuals with pertussis, especially infants and young children, the severe coughing fits can lead to difficulty in breathing and can compromise lung function. The stress of coughing can lead to the accumulation of fluids or bacteria in the lungs, resulting in pneumonia, which is a serious condition characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue and can lead to significant respiratory distress and a need for hospitalization.

Recognizing pneumonia as a complication of untreated pertussis is critical because it is a direct result of the effects of the pertussis infection itself and often exacerbates the already compromised respiratory status of the affected individual. By understanding this link, healthcare providers can better monitor and manage patients with pertussis to prevent the progression to more severe respiratory complications.