What is the general risk factor associated with emphysema?

• A. High Cholesterol
• B. Tobacco Smoking
• C. Diabetes
• D. High Blood Pressure

Answer: (B)

Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor associated with emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The harmful substances in cigarette smoke damage the lung's air sacs (alveoli), leading to inflammation, loss of elasticity, and destruction of these structures. This damage impairs airflow and gas exchange, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of emphysema, such as shortness of breath and chronic cough.

While other factors like environmental pollution and genetic predispositions (such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) can also contribute to the risk of developing emphysema, tobacco smoking remains the most significant and preventable cause. Reducing or quitting smoking can substantially decrease the risk and progression of emphysema, highlighting the importance of smoking cessation programs in public health initiatives.