Which disease involves narrowed coronary arteries, reducing blood supply to the heart?

• A. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
• B. Arrhythmia
• C. Myocardial Ischemia
• D. Heart Murmur

Answer: (A)

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is characterized by the narrowing of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This narrowing typically results from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques that consist of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. As these plaques form, they can restrict blood flow, leading to conditions such as angina (chest pain) or even heart attacks when the blood supply becomes critically low. The focus on narrowed arteries in CAD highlights the direct relationship between reduced blood flow and the heart's oxygen needs, demonstrating why this condition is particularly significant in cardiovascular health.

Myocardial Ischemia, while related, describes the condition where the heart muscle experiences a lack of blood flow due to narrowed arteries, but it is not the underlying disease itself. Arrhythmias refer to irregular heartbeats, and heart murmurs indicate turbulent blood flow but do not solely deal with the narrowing of coronary arteries as seen in CAD. Thus, CAD is the best answer for the question regarding the disease that specifically involves narrowed coronary arteries reducing blood supply to the heart.