Which of the following is a sign of hypoxia observed in vital signs?

• A. Decreased heart rate
• B. Cyanosis and agitation
• C. Stable respiratory rate
• D. Low blood pressure

Answer: (B)

Hypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues, can manifest in various significant signs and symptoms that can be observed through vital signs. Among these, cyanosis and agitation are particularly noteworthy.

Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the skin, particularly evident in the lips, fingertips, or extremities, indicating low oxygen levels in the blood. This physiological change is a direct response to inadequate oxygenation, which is a hallmark of hypoxia. Agitation may also arise as the body struggles to compensate for low oxygen levels, leading the brain to trigger a state of distress and anxiety. Together, these signs are clear indicators of the body’s struggle to maintain homeostasis in the face of insufficient oxygenation.

In contrast, decreased heart rate does not typically occur with hypoxia; rather, hypoxia often leads to an increased heart rate as the heart works harder to circulate oxygenated blood. A stable respiratory rate could indicate that breathing is not currently compromised, which may not accurately reflect hypoxia. Low blood pressure can occur due to various factors and is not a direct or specific indicator of hypoxia. Thus, the combination of cyanosis and agitation distinctly points to the presence of hypoxia in the body.